---
title: Long sticks were placed lengthwise over these runners and fastened t… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Long sticks were placed lengthwise over these runners and fastened tightly to cross pieces. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 158

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Long sticks were placed lengthwise over these runners and fastened tightly to cross pieces.

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**What happens:** place, fasten, cross · **To what, where:** Long sticks, runners, pieces

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:7:158
# text = Long sticks were placed lengthwise over these runners and fastened tightly to cross pieces.
1	Long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	placed	place	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	lengthwise	lengthwise	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	runners	runner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	fastened	fasten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
11	tightly	tightly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
14	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **place** | past · passive |  | Long sticks |  | this runners |  | lengthwise *property* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme over runner=Destination |
| 2 | **fasten** | past |  |  |  |  |  | tightly *property* | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **cross** | to-infinitive |  | pieces |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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