---
title: Holes were bored through these boards with sharp-pointed bones or sh… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Holes were bored through these boards with sharp-pointed bones or shells, and they were strongly tied to the runners. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 160

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Holes were bored through these boards with sharp-pointed bones or shells, and they were strongly tied to the runners.

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**What happens:** bore, tie · **To what, where:** Holes, boards

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:7:160
# text = Holes were bored through these boards with sharp-pointed bones or shells, and they were strongly tied to the runners.
1	Holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	bored	bore	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	boards	board	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	pointed	pointed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	shells	shell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
18	strongly	strongly	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	tied	tie	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	runners	runner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bore** | past · passive |  | Holes |  | this boards with sharp pointed bones or shells |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **tie** | past · passive |  | Holes *= hole* |  |  |  | to the runners; strongly *property* | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient to runner=Co-Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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