---
title: The slides or paths for the sleds were so well worn that little ridg… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The slides or paths for the sleds were so well worn that little ridges formed along the sides, sometimes keeping the sled in the path, and just as often catching a runner and causing an overthrow of the rider. Who acts: slides, little ridges. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. West
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 164

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The slides or paths for the sleds were so well worn that little ridges formed along the sides, sometimes keeping the sled in the path, and just as often catching a runner and causing an overthrow of the rider.

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**Who acts:** slides, little ridges · **What happens:** be, form, keep, catch, cause, overthrow · **To what, where:** little ridges, sides, sled, path, runner, overthrow

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (slides, little ridges), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:7:164
# text = The slides or paths for the sleds were so well worn that little ridges formed along the sides, sometimes keeping the sled in the path, and just as often catching a runner and causing an overthrow of the rider.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	slides	slide	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	paths	path	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sleds	sled	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	advmod	_	_
11	worn	worn	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	nsubj	_	_
13	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	ridges	ridge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
15	formed	form	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
16	along	along	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	21	advmod	_	_
21	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	sled	sled	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
29	just	just	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
30	as	as	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	often	often	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
32	catching	catch	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	conj	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	runner	runner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	causing	cause	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	32	conj	_	_
37	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	overthrow	overthrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	rider	rider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the slides for the sleds or paths |  |  |  |  | worn little ridges; that *nsubj*; well *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **form** | participle |  | little ridges *not said here* |  | the sides |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along side=Location |
| 3 | **keep** | gerund | little ridges *not said here* | the sled |  | the path |  | sometimes *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent sled=Theme in path=Location |
| 4 | **catch** | gerund | the slides for the sleds or paths *not said here* | a runner |  |  |  | often *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent runner=Theme |
| 5 | **cause** | gerund | the slides for the sleds or paths *not said here* | a overthrow of the rider |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition overthrow=Patient |
| 6 | **overthrow** |  |  | the rider |  |  |  |  | nom overthrow «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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