---
title: Sleds swerved against slight unevennesses almost imperceptible until… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Sleds swerved against slight unevennesses almost imperceptible until struck by a runner on one side or the other. Who acts: Sleds. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 169

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Sleds swerved against slight unevennesses almost imperceptible until struck by a runner on one side or the other.

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**Who acts:** Sleds · **What happens:** swerve, strike · **To what, where:** slight unevennesses, one side

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sleds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:7:169
# text = Sleds swerved against slight unevennesses almost imperceptible until struck by a runner on one side or the other.
1	Sleds	sled	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	swerved	swerve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	against	against	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	slight	slight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	unevennesses	unevenness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	imperceptible	imperceptible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
8	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	struck	strike	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	runner	runner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swerve** | past | Sleds |  |  | slight unevennesses |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against unevenness=Trajectory |
| 2 | **strike** | participle | Sleds *not said here* |  |  | one side |  | by a runner | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by runner=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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