---
title: The sudden shock swept the sled out of its course against the sled o… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The sudden shock swept the sled out of its course against the sled or in the pathway of an opponent, and in a moment a confused mass of broken sleds and stunned riders would be dashed down the hillside. Who acts: sudden shock. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 170

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The sudden shock swept the sled out of its course against the sled or in the pathway of an opponent, and in a moment a confused mass of broken sleds and stunned riders would be dashed down the hillside.

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**Who acts:** sudden shock · **What happens:** sweep, break, stun, dash down · **To what, where:** sled, course, riders, confused mass

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sudden shock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:7:170
# text = The sudden shock swept the sled out of its course against the sled or in the pathway of an opponent, and in a moment a confused mass of broken sleds and stunned riders would be dashed down the hillside.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	shock	shock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	swept	sweep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sled	sled	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	against	against	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	sled	sled	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	pathway	pathway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	opponent	opponent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	confused	confused	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	mass	mass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj:pass	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	amod	_	_
31	sleds	sled	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nmod	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	stunned	stun	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	conj	_	_
34	riders	rider	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obj	_	_
35	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
36	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	aux:pass	_	_
37	dashed	dash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
38	down	down	ADP	RP	_	37	compound:prt	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	hillside	hillside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sweep** | past | the sudden shock | the sled |  | shock's course |  | against the sled or the pathway of a opponent | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent sled=Theme out course=Trajectory |
| 2 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **stun** | past |  | riders |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus rider=Experiencer |
| 4 | **dash down** | would · passive |  | a confused mass of broken sleds |  |  | moment | the hillside *obj* | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP ADJP»: subject=Patient hillside=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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