---
title: He was required to catch or stop at least four of these spears, not… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: He was required to catch or stop at least four of these spears, not permitting more than two to pass by him. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 198

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He was required to catch or stop at least four of these spears, not permitting more than two to pass by him.

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**What happens:** require, catch, stop, not permit, pass · **To what, where:** condition, four, least, two

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:7:198
# text = He was required to catch or stop at least four of these spears, not permitting more than two to pass by him.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	least	least	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	10	nmod	_	_
10	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	spears	spear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	permitting	permit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
17	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	19	advmod	_	_
18	than	than	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	obj	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
22	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | past · passive |  | condition |  |  |  |  | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **catch** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **stop** | infinitive |  | four of this spears |  | least |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality four=Eventuality |
| 4 | **not** **permit** | gerund |  | two |  |  |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent two=Theme |
| 5 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | by condition | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by he=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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