---
title: We have the additional fact that in Hawaiian legends the place to wh… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: We have the additional fact that in Hawaiian legends the place to which Hawaiian Vikings frequently sailed for centuries was usually Kahiki or Tahiti, the old home of the family of ruling chiefs. Who acts: We, Hawaiian Vikings, place. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, 
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 4

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We have the additional fact that in Hawaiian legends the place to which Hawaiian Vikings frequently sailed for centuries was usually Kahiki or Tahiti, the old home of the family of ruling chiefs.

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**Who acts:** We, Hawaiian Vikings, place · **What happens:** have, sail, be, rule · **To what, where:** additional fact, place, Kahiki

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, Hawaiian Vikings, place), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:7:4
# text = We have the additional fact that in Hawaiian legends the place to which Hawaiian Vikings frequently sailed for centuries was usually Kahiki or Tahiti, the old home of the family of ruling chiefs.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	fact	fact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	Hawaiian	hawaiian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	legends	legend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	acl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	obl	_	_
14	Hawaiian	Hawaiian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
16	frequently	frequently	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	sailed	sail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
21	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	Kahiki	Kahiki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	Tahiti	Tahiti	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	ruling	rule	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	34	amod	_	_
34	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | We | the additional fact in Hawaiian legends |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Patient |
| 2 | **sail** | past | Hawaiian Vikings |  |  | the place | century | frequently *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent to which=Trajectory |
| 3 | **is a** | past | the place | Kahiki or Tahiti |  |  |  | Tahiti *conj*; the old home of the family of ruling chiefs *appos*; usually *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **rule** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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