---
title: The chiefs gave themselves up to gambling and rioting until the nigh… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The chiefs gave themselves up to gambling and rioting until the night was wearied with their excesses and the new day sent the revellers to needed rest wherever any tree or grass house afforded even a little shade. Who acts: chiefs, new day. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Weste
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 70

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The chiefs gave themselves up to gambling and rioting until the night was wearied with their excesses and the new day sent the revellers to needed rest wherever any tree or grass house afforded even a little shade.

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**Who acts:** chiefs, new day · **What happens:** give up, riot, weary, send, need, afford · **To what, where:** chiefs, gambling, night, revellers, needed rest, tree

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chiefs, new day), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:7:70
# text = The chiefs gave themselves up to gambling and rioting until the night was wearied with their excesses and the new day sent the revellers to needed rest wherever any tree or grass house afforded even a little shade.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	gambling	gambling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	rioting	riot	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
10	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	wearied	weary	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	excesses	excess	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	revellers	reveller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	amod	_	_
27	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
28	wherever	wherever	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	34	advmod	_	_
29	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	30	det	_	_
30	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj:pass	_	_
31	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
32	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	_
34	afforded	afford	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	acl:relcl	_	_
35	even	even	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
36	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	shade	shade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give up** | past | the chiefs | chiefs *= chief* | gambling |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme to gambling=Recipient |
| 2 | **riot** | gerund | the chiefs *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **weary** | past · passive |  | the night |  |  |  | with chiefs's excesses | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 4 | **send** | past | the new day | the revellers |  | needed rest |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent reveller=Theme to rest=Destination |
| 5 | **need** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 6 | **afford** | participle · passive |  | any tree or grass house |  |  |  | a little shade *obl*; wherever *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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