---
title: As the large boat came near the shore the oarsmen leaped into the su… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: As the large boat came near the shore the oarsmen leaped into the surf; chosen men from the other canoes joined them. Who acts: chosen men. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 77

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As the large boat came near the shore the oarsmen leaped into the surf; chosen men from the other canoes joined them.

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**Who acts:** chosen men · **What happens:** come, leap, choose, join · **To what, where:** shore, oarsmen, surf, canoes

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chosen men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:7:77
# text = As the large boat came near the shore the oarsmen leaped into the surf; chosen men from the other canoes joined them.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
5	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	near	near	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	oarsmen	oarsman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	leaped	leap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	surf	surf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
16	chosen	choose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
17	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	canoes	canoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
22	joined	join	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
23	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past |  |  |  | the shore and the oarsmen |  | as the large boat | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near shore=Location |
| 2 | **leap** | participle |  | the oarsmen *not said here* |  | the surf |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into surf=Destination |
| 3 | **choose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **join** | past | chosen men from the other canoes | canoes *= canoe* |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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