---
title: This was Ulu, the younger brother, not over twenty-five years old, a… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: This was Ulu, the younger brother, not over twenty-five years old, and his warm-hearted greeting of his elder brother, who during his boyhood had been his steadfast friend and caretaker, showed the deep love which bound them together. Who acts: This, elder brother, Ulu, deep love. A sentence of «Haw
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 83

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This was Ulu, the younger brother, not over twenty-five years old, and his warm-hearted greeting of his elder brother, who during his boyhood had been his steadfast friend and caretaker, showed the deep love which bound them together.

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**Who acts:** This, elder brother, Ulu, deep love, Nanaulu · **What happens:** be, show, bind, greet · **To what, where:** Ulu, steadfast friend, deep love, elder brother

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, elder brother, Ulu, deep love), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:7:83
# text = This was Ulu, the younger brother, not over twenty-five years old, and his warm-hearted greeting of his elder brother, who during his boyhood had been his steadfast friend and caretaker, showed the deep love which bound them together.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	Ulu	Ulu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
10	over	over	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl:unmarked	_	_
15	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
19	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	hearted	hearted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	greeting	greeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
25	elder	elder	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
28	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	36	nsubj	_	_
29	during	during	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	boyhood	boyhood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
32	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
33	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	36	cop	_	_
34	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
35	steadfast	steadfast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	appos	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	caretaker	caretaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
40	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obj	_	_
44	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	45	nsubj	_	_
45	bound	bind	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	43	acl:relcl	_	_
46	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	obj	_	_
47	together	together	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	40	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | This | Ulu |  |  |  | the younger brother *appos*; Nanaulu's warm hearted greeting of Nanaulu's elder brother *appos* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | past · perfect | Nanaulu's elder brother | Nanaulu's steadfast friend and caretaker |  |  | during Nanaulu's boyhood | Nanaulu *nmod:poss*; caretaker *conj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **show** | past | Ulu | the deep love |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent love=Recipient |
| 4 | **bind** | past | the deep love | Ulu |  |  |  | together *property* | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 5 | **greet** |  | Nanaulu | Nanaulu's elder brother |  |  |  |  | nom greeting «communication transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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