---
title: The dance ended by two chiefs taking war clubs and, while in motion,… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The dance ended by two chiefs taking war clubs and, while in motion, keeping time with the drums, twirling the clubs and striking rapidly at each other, circling the clubs over each other’s heads and yet avoiding all injury to one another. Who acts: dance, two chiefs. A sentence of «Hawaiian Histori
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 93

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The dance ended by two chiefs taking war clubs and, while in motion, keeping time with the drums, twirling the clubs and striking rapidly at each other, circling the clubs over each other’s heads and yet avoiding all injury to one another.

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**Who acts:** dance, two chiefs · **What happens:** end, take, keep, twirl, strike, circle · **To what, where:** war clubs, clubs, injury, one

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dance, two chiefs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:7:93
# text = The dance ended by two chiefs taking war clubs and, while in motion, keeping time with the drums, twirling the clubs and striking rapidly at each other, circling the clubs over each other’s heads and yet avoiding all injury to one another.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dance	dance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	taking	take	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	clubs	club	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	motion	motion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
17	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	drums	drum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	twirling	twirl	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	conj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	clubs	club	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	striking	strike	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	conj	_	_
27	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
28	at	at	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	26	obl	_	_
30	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	circling	circle	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	conj	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	clubs	club	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obj	_	_
35	over	over	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	37	det	_	_
37	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	’s	's	PART	POS	_	37	case	_	_
39	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obj	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
41	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
42	avoiding	avoid	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	conj	_	_
43	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	44	det	_	_
44	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obj	_	_
45	to	to	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	42	obl	_	_
47	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	46	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | past | the dance |  |  |  |  | by two chiefs; motion *conj* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **take** | gerund | two chiefs *not said here* | war clubs |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent club=Theme |
| 3 | **keep** | gerund | the dance *not said here* |  |  |  | time |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **twirl** | gerund | the dance *not said here* | the clubs |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent club=Material |
| 5 | **strike** | gerund | the dance *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at each; rapidly *property* | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at each=Patient |
| 6 | **circle** | gerund | the dance *not said here* | the clubs |  |  |  | each other's heads *obj* | tree rules |
| 7 | **avoid** | gerund | the dance *not said here* | all injury | one |  | yet |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent injury=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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