---
title: Paao handed his friend a calabash with a little precious water, bidd… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Paao handed his friend a calabash with a little precious water, bidding him bathe his parched mouth and nostrils. Who acts: Paao. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Paao From Samoa, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, Paao From Samoa, sentence 111

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Paao handed his friend a calabash with a little precious water, bidding him bathe his parched mouth and nostrils.

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**Who acts:** Paao · **What happens:** hand, bid, bathe, parch · **To what, where:** calabash, friend, Paao, parched mouth

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Paao From Samoa. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Paao), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:8:111
# text = Paao handed his friend a calabash with a little precious water, bidding him bathe his parched mouth and nostrils.
1	Paao	Paao	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	handed	hand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	calabash	calabash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	precious	precious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	bidding	bid	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	bathe	bathe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
17	parched	parch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	amod	_	_
18	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	nostrils	nostril	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hand** | past | Paao | a calabash | Paao's friend |  |  | with a little precious water | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent friend=Destination calabash=Theme |
| 2 | **bid** | gerund | Paao *not said here* | Paao |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **bathe** | infinitive | Paao *not said here* | Paao's parched mouth and nostrils |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme mouth=Destination |
| 4 | **parch** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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