---
title: They toiled hard in rowing, and as the night dropped its shadows aro… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: They toiled hard in rowing, and as the night dropped its shadows around them, they made preparations for landing in this new home. Who acts: steersmen, night, rowing. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Paao From Samoa, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, Paao From Samoa, sentence 133

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They toiled hard in rowing, and as the night dropped its shadows around them, they made preparations for landing in this new home.

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**Who acts:** steersmen, night, rowing · **What happens:** toil, drop, make, shadow · **To what, where:** rowing, shadows, preparations, new home

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Paao From Samoa. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (steersmen, night, rowing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:8:133
# text = They toiled hard in rowing, and as the night dropped its shadows around them, they made preparations for landing in this new home.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	toiled	toil	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	rowing	rowing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	dropped	drop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	around	around	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
19	preparations	preparation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
20	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	landing	landing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	25	det	_	_
24	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **toil** | past | steersmen *= steersman* |  |  | rowing |  | hard *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in rowing=Trajectory |
| 2 | **drop** | past | the night | rowing's shadows |  |  |  | around steersmen *= steersman* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent shadow=Theme around they=Destination |
| 3 | **make** | past | steersmen *= steersman* | preparations |  | this new home |  | for landing | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent preparation=Product for landing=Asset |
| 4 | **shadow** |  | rowing |  |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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