---
title: The language of the newcomers was almost identical in meaning and pr… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The language of the newcomers was almost identical in meaning and pronunciation with the native tongue. Who acts: language. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Paao From Samoa, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, Paao From Samoa, sentence 143

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The language of the newcomers was almost identical in meaning and pronunciation with the native tongue.

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**Who acts:** language · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** meaning

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Paao From Samoa. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (language), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:8:143
# text = The language of the newcomers was almost identical in meaning and pronunciation with the native tongue.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	newcomers	newcomer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	identical	identical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the language of the newcomers |  |  | meaning and pronunciation with the native tongue |  | almost, identical *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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