---
title: The separation between chiefs and common people became a gulf fixed… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The separation between chiefs and common people became a gulf fixed by custom. Who acts: separation. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Paao From Samoa, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, Paao From Samoa, sentence 235

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The separation between chiefs and common people became a gulf fixed by custom.

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**Who acts:** separation · **What happens:** become, fix · **To what, where:** gulf

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Paao From Samoa. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (separation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:8:235
# text = The separation between chiefs and common people became a gulf fixed by custom.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	separation	separation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	between	between	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	gulf	gulf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	_
11	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	custom	custom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | the separation between chiefs and common people | a gulf |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **fix** | participle |  | a gulf *not said here* |  |  |  | by custom | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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