---
title: Paao determined to substitute his son for the sacrifice he was prepa… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Paao determined to substitute his son for the sacrifice he was preparing, and thus prove his guilt or innocence. Who acts: Paao. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Paao From Samoa, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, Paao From Samoa, sentence 43

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Paao determined to substitute his son for the sacrifice he was preparing, and thus prove his guilt or innocence.

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**Who acts:** Paao · **What happens:** determine, substitute, prepare, prove · **To what, where:** son, sacrifice, guilt

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Paao From Samoa. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Paao), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:8:43
# text = Paao determined to substitute his son for the sacrifice he was preparing, and thus prove his guilt or innocence.
1	Paao	Paao	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	determined	determine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	substitute	substitute	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sacrifice	sacrifice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	preparing	prepare	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	prove	prove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	guilt	guilt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	innocence	innocence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | past | Paao |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **substitute** | to-infinitive | Paao *not said here* | Paao's son |  |  |  | for the sacrifice | vn substitute-13.6.2 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Theme son=Location |
| 3 | **prepare** | past · progressive | Paao | the sacrifice *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sacrifice=Patient |
| 4 | **prove** | infinitive | Paao *not said here* | Paao's guilt or innocence |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent guilt=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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