---
title: This was done by hewing boards with stone axes, and sewing them to e… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: This was done by hewing boards with stone axes, and sewing them to each other through holes, drilled by bones, using cords of cocoanut fibre for thread. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Paao From Samoa, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, Paao From Samoa, sentence 51

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This was done by hewing boards with stone axes, and sewing them to each other through holes, drilled by bones, using cords of cocoanut fibre for thread.

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**What happens:** do, hew, sew, drill, use · **To what, where:** This, boards, holes, cords

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Paao From Samoa. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:8:51
# text = This was done by hewing boards with stone axes, and sewing them to each other through holes, drilled by bones, using cords of cocoanut fibre for thread.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	hewing	hew	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	boards	board	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	axes	ax	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	sewing	sew	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	12	obl	_	_
16	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	fixed	_	_
17	through	through	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	drilled	drill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
25	cords	cord	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	cocoanut	cocoanut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	fibre	fibre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
29	for	for	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	thread	thread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past · passive |  | This |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 2 | **hew** | gerund |  | boards |  |  |  | with stone axes | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent board=Patient with ax=Instrument |
| 3 | **sew** | gerund |  | boards *= board* |  | holes |  | to each | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent they=Patient to each=Co-Patient |
| 4 | **drill** | participle |  | holes *not said here* |  |  |  | by bones | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **use** | gerund |  | cords of cocoanut fibre |  |  |  | for thread | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent cord=Theme for thread=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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