---
title: He had killed a big bear, which was very fat and he began cooking it… — Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin… · tree and pragmatics
description: He had killed a big bear, which was very fat and he began cooking it, having made a fire with his bow-drill. Who acts: big bear, d. A sentence of «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Myths and Folk-lore of the Timagami Ojibwa., part 1, with its de
---

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# Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa, Myths and Folk-lore of the Timagami Ojibwa., part 1, sentence 139

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He had killed a big bear, which was very fat and he began cooking it, having made a fire with his bow-drill.

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**Who acts:** big bear, d · **What happens:** kill, be, begin, cook, have, make · **To what, where:** d, bear, made fire

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This is a sentence of «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Myths and Folk-lore of the Timagami Ojibwa., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (big bear, d), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66509:11:139
# text = He had killed a big bear, which was very fat and he began cooking it, having made a fire with his bow-drill.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	fat	fat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	acl:relcl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
15	cooking	cook	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	xcomp	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	conj	_	_
19	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	amod	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
24	bow	bow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	drill	drill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | past · perfect · passive |  | d |  |  |  | a big bear *obj* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer bear=Result |
| 2 | **is** | past | a big bear |  |  |  |  | fat *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **begin** | past | d |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **cook** | gerund | d *not said here* | bear |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 5 | **have** | gerund | d *not said here* | a made fire |  |  |  | with d's bow drill | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Patient |
| 6 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Project Gutenberg book 66509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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