---
title: At last the old woman said, “Ayas·e must have passed; somebody told… — Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin… · tree and pragmatics
description: At last the old woman said, “Ayas·e must have passed; somebody told us that Ayas·e was going to pass. Who acts: last old woman, Ayas, somebody, e. A sentence of «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Myths and Folk-lore of the Timagami Ojibwa., part
---

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# Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa, Myths and Folk-lore of the Timagami Ojibwa., part 6, sentence 70

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At last the old woman said, “Ayas·e must have passed; somebody told us that Ayas·e was going to pass.

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**Who acts:** last old woman, Ayas, somebody, e · **What happens:** say, pass, tell, go · **To what, where:** Ayas, e, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Myths and Folk-lore of the Timagami Ojibwa., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (last old woman, Ayas, somebody, e), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66509:16:70
# text = At last the old woman said, “Ayas·e must have passed; somebody told us that Ayas·e was going to pass.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Ayas	Aya	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	·	·	PUNCT	NFP	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	e	e	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	aux	_	_
14	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
16	somebody	somebody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	17	nsubj	_	_
17	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
18	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	iobj	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
20	Ayas	Aya	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	22	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	·	·	PUNCT	NFP	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	e	e	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	ccomp	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the last old woman | Ayas |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent aya=Topic |
| 2 | **pass** *in a quote* | must · perfect · passive | Ayas *not said here* | e |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: subject=Trajectory |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | somebody |  | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **go** *in a quote* | past · progressive | Ayas's e |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **pass** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | Ayas's e *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Project Gutenberg book 66509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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