---
title: Now the Muskrat had stayed outside the Indians’ wigwam and listened… — Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now the Muskrat had stayed outside the Indians’ wigwam and listened to what they were saying, until his feet got so cold that he could stay no longer. Who acts: Muskrat, Indians, feet. A sentence of «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Myths and F
---

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# Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa, Myths and Folk-lore of the Timagami Ojibwa., part 7, sentence 134

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Now the Muskrat had stayed outside the Indians’ wigwam and listened to what they were saying, until his feet got so cold that he could stay no longer.

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**Who acts:** Muskrat, Indians, feet · **What happens:** stay, listen, say, get · **To what, where:** wigwam · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Myths and Folk-lore of the Timagami Ojibwa., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Muskrat, Indians, feet), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66509:17:134
# text = Now the Muskrat had stayed outside the Indians’ wigwam and listened to what they were saying, until his feet got so cold that he could stay no longer.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Muskrat	Muskrat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	stayed	stay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	’	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	wigwam	wigwam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	listened	listen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
22	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
23	so	so	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	xcomp	_	_
25	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
26	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
27	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	advcl	_	_
29	no	no	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	28	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | past · perfect | the Muskrat |  |  | the Indians's wigwam | now |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme outside wigwam=Location |
| 2 | **listen** | past | the Muskrat *not said here* |  |  |  |  | what *obl* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to what=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · progressive | Indians *= indian* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **get** | past | Muskrat's feet |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **stay** | could | Muskrat |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Project Gutenberg book 66509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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