---
title: Phonetic Key. — Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin… · full text with trees
description: Phonetic Key., «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck: the whole chapter, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics. It begins: a, as in father, of medium length; a·, lengthened.
---

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# Phonetic Key.

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Phonetic Key. of «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck: the whole text, 125 sentences and 1575 words. The small number after every sentence leads to its own page with its syntax tree and pragmatics, parsed by Mova itself.

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a, as in father, of medium length; a·, lengthened.[1](1/ "tree and pragmatics")

e, open; ɛ·, long as in North German Bär.[2](2/ "tree and pragmatics")

e·, longer than e and close in quality.[3](3/ "tree and pragmatics")

i and i·, short and long close vowels.[4](4/ "tree and pragmatics")

o, close and of medium length.[5](5/ "tree and pragmatics")

ɔ·, longer than o and with lips more protruded, almost like au of English taut.[6](6/ "tree and pragmatics")

α, dulled form of short a, like u of English but.[7](7/ "tree and pragmatics")

ə, short obscure vowel of uncertain quality.[8](8/ "tree and pragmatics")

b–p, bilabial stops varying between true sonant and intermediate surd-sonant.[9](9/ "tree and pragmatics")

d–t, alveolar stops varying between true sonant and intermediate surd-sonant.[10](10/ "tree and pragmatics")

g–k, medial palatal stops varying between true sonant and intermediate surd-sonant.[11](11/ "tree and pragmatics")

s and z, surd and sonant dorsal sibilant pronounced with tip of tongue deflected to lower alveolar (applies only to Timiskaming Algonquin; in Timagami Ojibwa s and z are normal).[12](12/ "tree and pragmatics")

c and j, surd and sonant sibilant corresponding respectively to English sh and z of azure.[13](13/ "tree and pragmatics")

tc and dj, surd and sonant sibilant affricative corresponding respectively to English ch and j.[14](14/ "tree and pragmatics")

x, voiceless palatal spirant like ch of German Bach.[15](15/ "tree and pragmatics")

m, as in English.[16](16/ "tree and pragmatics")

n, as in English.[17](17/ "tree and pragmatics")

ŋ, palatal nasal like ng of English sing.[18](18/ "tree and pragmatics")

w, as in English.[19](19/ "tree and pragmatics")

y, as in English.[20](20/ "tree and pragmatics")

h, as in English.[21](21/ "tree and pragmatics")

˛, nasalized vowel.[22](22/ "tree and pragmatics")

ʻ, aspiration following vowel or consonant.[23](23/ "tree and pragmatics")

·, denotes that preceding vowel or consonant is long.[24](24/ "tree and pragmatics")

′, main stress.[25](25/ "tree and pragmatics")

‵, secondary stress.[26](26/ "tree and pragmatics")

NOTES[27](27/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[1\] This band is known locally as Ki·we·′gomani‵cəna‵bi “Turn back lake Indians.”[28](28/ "tree and pragmatics") Their rendezvous was at Fort William.[29](29/ "tree and pragmatics") Their range extended around Lake Dumoine and down Dumoine river to the Ottawa river.[30](30/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[2\] Cf.[31](31/ "tree and pragmatics") A. B. Skinner, Notes on the Eastern Cree and Northern Saulteaux, Anth.[32](32/ "tree and pragmatics") Papers of Amer.[33](33/ "tree and pragmatics") Mus. of Nat.[34](34/ "tree and pragmatics") Hist., N.Y., vol. IX, pt. i, 1911.[35](35/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[3\] Ciŋgəbis is the grebe, a well known character in Ojibwa mythology, sharing the trickster exploits of Wiske·djak.[36](36/ "tree and pragmatics") He appears again as the quasi-hero of a subsequent story in this cycle.[37](37/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[4\] Formal way of ending a narration; the narrator is assumed to have been a spectator.[38](38/ "tree and pragmatics") The informant temporarily discontinued his story here.[39](39/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[5\] Ejus.[40](40/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[6\] Ejus.[41](41/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[7\] The Indians often use the red willow bark to mix with tobacco.[42](42/ "tree and pragmatics") It is called məskwa′­bi·‵mij “red willow tree.”[43](43/ "tree and pragmatics") The yellow spots seen on the red of the bark are where Wiske·djak, in walking over them, got them between his legs and left yellow matter in the blood from the scabs.[44](44/ "tree and pragmatics") The “rock weed,” wa′kwund (rock tripe) is often eaten in the bush when other foods fail.[45](45/ "tree and pragmatics") It is scraped off the rocks with a flat stick into a blanket, then washed and boiled and eaten.[46](46/ "tree and pragmatics") The water becomes a little slimy, but it makes a nourishing soup.[47](47/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[8\] Pαgwa′k·wut pugəma′gan “arrow-head hammer,” an old style of war club with a stone set in a big wooden head attached to a handle and swung by a thong from the warrior’s elbow to leave his hand free.[48](48/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[9\] It is a most remarkable thing that practically the same legend is found among all the northern and eastern Algonkians: Cree, Montagnais, Abenaki, Penobscot, Malecite.[49](49/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[10\] This is the version of the Kingfisher clan of the Timagami band.[50](50/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[11\] This refers to the old custom of seclusion during puberty.[51](51/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[12\] By doing so she became pregnant.[52](52/ "tree and pragmatics") Magical conception occurs in the culture-hero story of the Algonkian, Iroquoian, and Yuchi tribes.[53](53/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[13\] An episode strikingly similar to one found among the Penobscot and other Eastern Algonkians.[54](54/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[14\] Fire drill.[55](55/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[15\] Onomapoetic term in diminutive.[56](56/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[16\] Rock-tripe, an edible fungus made into soup and eaten in time of famine.[57](57/ "tree and pragmatics") Nenebuc had this experience on a ledge near the eastern shore of Smoothwater lake (see map).[58](58/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[17\] This big snake became a high rocky ridge on the portage south of Smoothwater lake (see map above referred to).[59](59/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[18\] The lake is Smoothwater lake, Cųcawa′gami “smooth lake” (see map above referred to).[60](60/ "tree and pragmatics") This is the scene of the world transformation.[61](61/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[19\] The cave is in a high bluff on the west shore of Smoothwater lake.[62](62/ "tree and pragmatics") On the eastern shore is where Nenebuc fell down the rocks and made wa′kwan.[63](63/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[20\] The medicine people always do that now.[64](64/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[21\] Abi·ndəsa′gan “something to sit or lie on the water with.”[65](65/ "tree and pragmatics") The event occurred near the previously mentioned cave.[66](66/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[22\] This is called Koko‵kowikwe·‵tuɔk “Owl bay,” now known as Kokoko bay, the northeastern arm of Lake Timagami (see map).[67](67/ "tree and pragmatics") The event occurred on the western shore of the bay.[68](68/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[23\] This fragment has probably come from some neighbouring band of Ojibwa, possibly Mattagami.[69](69/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[24\] This is a fragment of the culture-hero cycle of the Mattagami band of Ojibwa, which has become known among the Timagami people, but does not form a part of their own version.[70](70/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[25\] Every wigwam has horizontal poles crossing near the smoke hole.[71](71/ "tree and pragmatics") This is a drying rack and support for the pot hook.[72](72/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[26\] The Ojibwa formerly cooked in stone vessels as well as in birch bark.[73](73/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[27\] A very scarce animal in northern Ontario.[74](74/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[28\] The Indians often had much trouble to get food in the winter and looked forward eagerly to spring, when the ice leaves the rivers, making “open water,” thus enabling them to seek new hunting places.[75](75/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[29\] An opening in the ice near the camp for the supply of water in winter.[76](76/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[30\] An affair resembling a megaphone or moose call.[77](77/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[31\] By doing this he would prevent them from travelling and cause them to freeze or starve to death.[78](78/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[32\] Magic.[79](79/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[33\] The hole is a circle composed of seven stars (Pleiades).[80](80/ "tree and pragmatics") This was the first mite′win or “conjuring” lodge.[81](81/ "tree and pragmatics") Seven poles are necessary to build this lodge.[82](82/ "tree and pragmatics") Unless seven are used, the conjurer’s tent will not rock.[83](83/ "tree and pragmatics") The old woman tends the mite′win.[84](84/ "tree and pragmatics") When she moves from the hole, there is sure to be mite′win somewhere here below.[85](85/ "tree and pragmatics") The stars form the rim of the hole through which she lowered the two girls.[86](86/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[34\] Etiam hodie castor saepe pedit.[87](87/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[35\] Kcki·′man, a magic fetish which will secure the owner his wish.[88](88/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[36\] Also called Mici·′ci·ga‵k “Monster Skunk”.[89](89/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[37\] In winter-time, the Indians keep a hole chopped through the ice near their camp for the water supply.[90](90/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[38\] If he had obeyed her and not looked until the third day, she would still have been there.[91](91/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[39\] It is the custom for a hunter returning to hand his game bag to his wife before he enters the wigwam, without speaking, so that she can see for herself whether he has had good luck or not.[92](92/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[40\] The constellation Ursa Major is called wətci·′gan·αŋg “Fishing Star.”[93](93/ "tree and pragmatics") The story accounts for this constellation name.[94](94/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[41\] This is the bend in the handle of the Great Dipper.[95](95/ "tree and pragmatics") The small star Alcor in this constellation is the wound.[96](96/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[42\] Night lines are set for lake fish.[97](97/ "tree and pragmatics") The hook of bone formerly was fastened into a shank of wood and this tied to a line by a leather leader which the teeth of the fish could not sever.[98](98/ "tree and pragmatics") Then the line was fastened to another line adjoining the two float sticks by a knot and wrapping, which would pay out after a little jerk.[99](99/ "tree and pragmatics") The float sticks were anchored by a stone.[100](100/ "tree and pragmatics") The bait was tied to the hook, which later was kept horizontal by a line running from the leader to a pin stuck in the bait.[101](101/ "tree and pragmatics") This ingenious device is shown in Figure 1.[102](102/ "tree and pragmatics") As the story mentions, when the float sticks are together it is a sign that a fish is on the hook.[103](103/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[43\] Archaic form.[104](104/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[44\] To drive beaver is to hunt them by driving them from their cabins beneath the ice.[105](105/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[45\] At this time Lynx testes habuit just like those of animals, but now they are like those of the cat, invisible.[106](106/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[46\] Conjurer’s magic.[107](107/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[47\] They used to suspend the beaver by a swinging string and roast him, saving all the bones from the dogs in order to throw them into the lake, as they thought that there would be just as many beavers there again in the autumn as the number of bones thrown in.[108](108/ "tree and pragmatics") This story explains the ceremonial treatment of beaver remains.[109](109/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[48\] This intestine sausage is a great delicacy among the Indians.[110](110/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[49\] One of the ranks of shamans.[111](111/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[50\] Mi·te‵ʻkwe, “medicine woman”.[112](112/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[51\] A cannibal monster.[113](113/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[52\] Gitcikwe′we intended to assume this guise.[114](114/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[53\] Seven poles are always required for this kind of a wigwam.[115](115/ "tree and pragmatics") See story of Ciŋgibis.[116](116/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[54\] The usual procedure of the conjurer.[117](117/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[55\] This is related as a true story.[118](118/ "tree and pragmatics") One of Gitcikwe′we’s daughters is still living in the Timagami band; she is known as Pi·dje′ʻkwe.[119](119/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[56\] Quoted verbatim from Chief Aleck Paul.[120](120/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[57\] Thongs of rawhide.[121](121/ "tree and pragmatics")

\[58\] Mr. Fergusson writes: “Another Indian told me some stories that he had heard from his grandmother, who could speak the Ojibwa tongue.[122](122/ "tree and pragmatics") I will write out the one that I thought most interesting.”[123](123/ "tree and pragmatics") The story given by Mr. Fergusson is evidently a close variant of the second part of No. 5 of Dr. Speck’s Timagami series.[124](124/ "tree and pragmatics")

E. Sapir.[125](125/ "tree and pragmatics")

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- ← previous: [Appendix: Notes on Timagami Folk-lore.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66509/20/)
- ↑ back to [Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66509/)