---
title: [4] Formal way of ending a narration; the narrator is assumed to hav… — Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin… · tree and pragmatics
description: [4] Formal way of ending a narration; the narrator is assumed to have been a spectator. Who acts: Formal way. A sentence of «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Phonetic Key., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa, Phonetic Key., sentence 38

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\[4\] Formal way of ending a narration; the narrator is assumed to have been a spectator.

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**Who acts:** Formal way · **What happens:** end, assume, be · **To what, where:** narration, narrator, spectator, Formal way

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This is a sentence of «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Phonetic Key.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Formal way), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66509:21:38
# text = [4] Formal way of ending a narration; the narrator is assumed to have been a spectator.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	ending	end	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	narration	narration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	narrator	narrator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	assumed	assume	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
16	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	aux	_	_
17	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	cop	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	spectator	spectator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | gerund | Formal way *not said here* | a narration |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality narration=Eventuality |
| 2 | **assume** | present · passive | Formal way *not said here* | the narrator |  |  |  |  | vn adopt-93.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | to-infinitive · perfect | Formal way *not said here* | a spectator |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Project Gutenberg book 66509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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