---
title: [25] Every wigwam has horizontal poles crossing near the smoke hole. — Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin… · tree and pragmatics
description: [25] Every wigwam has horizontal poles crossing near the smoke hole. Who acts: wigwam, horizontal poles. A sentence of «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Phonetic Key., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa, Phonetic Key., sentence 71

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\[25\] Every wigwam has horizontal poles crossing near the smoke hole.

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**Who acts:** wigwam, horizontal poles · **What happens:** have, cross · **To what, where:** horizontal poles, smoke hole, 25

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This is a sentence of «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Phonetic Key.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wigwam, horizontal poles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66509:21:71
# text = [25] Every wigwam has horizontal poles crossing near the smoke hole.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	25	25	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	wigwam	wigwam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
7	horizontal	horizontal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	poles	pole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	crossing	cross	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	near	near	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | every wigwam | horizontal poles |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pole=Patient |
| 2 | **cross** | gerund | horizontal poles *not said here* |  |  | the smoke hole |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Project Gutenberg book 66509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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