---
title: So from that time the Indians have used red willow bark to smoke and… — Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin… · tree and pragmatics
description: So from that time the Indians have used red willow bark to smoke and the “rock weed” to eat when they have needed them. Who acts: Indians. A sentence of «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Wiske·djak Cycle., part 2, with its dependency tree and t
---

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# Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa, Wiske·djak Cycle., part 2, sentence 177

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So from that time the Indians have used red willow bark to smoke and the “rock weed” to eat when they have needed them.

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**Who acts:** Indians · **What happens:** use, smoke, eat, need · **To what, where:** red willow bark, Indians

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This is a sentence of «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Wiske·djak Cycle., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66509:6:177
# text = So from that time the Indians have used red willow bark to smoke and the “rock weed” to eat when they have needed them.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
9	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	willow	willow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	smoke	smoke	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	acl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	weed	weed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	acl	_	_
22	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	25	advmod	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	advcl	_	_
26	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · perfect | the Indians | red willow bark and the rock weed |  |  | time |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bark=Patient |
| 2 | **smoke** | to-infinitive | the Indians *not said here* | red willow bark and the rock weed *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **eat** | to-infinitive | the Indians *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **need** | present · perfect · passive |  | Indians *= indian* |  |  |  | Scabs *= scab* *obj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Myths and Folk-lore of the Timiskaming Algonquin and Timagami Ojibwa» by Frank G. Speck, Project Gutenberg book 66509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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