---
title: The earth is not without traces of similar circular ramparts in the… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The earth is not without traces of similar circular ramparts in the shape of long curved chains of volcanoes, mostly in the sea, which would appear as ridges if the ocean were to dry up. Who acts: earth, sea, ocean. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Openi
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Opening, sentence 11

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The earth is not without traces of similar circular ramparts in the shape of long curved chains of volcanoes, mostly in the sea, which would appear as ridges if the ocean were to dry up.

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**Who acts:** earth, sea, ocean · **What happens:** not be, curve, appear, dry up

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (earth, sea, ocean), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:1:11
# text = The earth is not without traces of similar circular ramparts in the shape of long curved chains of volcanoes, mostly in the sea, which would appear as ridges if the ocean were to dry up.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	traces	trace	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	similar	similar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	circular	circular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	ramparts	rampart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
17	chains	chain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	28	nsubj	_	_
27	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	appear	appear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	conj	_	_
29	as	as	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	ridges	ridge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	_
31	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	36	mark	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nsubj	_	_
34	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
35	to	to	PART	TO	_	36	mark	_	_
36	dry	dry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	advcl	_	_
37	up	up	ADP	RP	_	36	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | the earth |  |  |  |  | without traces and the sea; of similar circular ramparts in the shape of long curved chains of volcanoes; the sea *conj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **curve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |
| 3 | **appear** | would | the sea |  |  |  |  | as ridges | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **dry up** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | the ocean |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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