---
title: The new mountain has now built itself up to a height almost equal to… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The new mountain has now built itself up to a height almost equal to that of Mauna Kea and probably in a few centuries will begin exploding and heaping up cinder cones just as Mauna Kea did before it finally became extinct. Who acts: Mauna, mountain. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (myt
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Opening, sentence 31

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The new mountain has now built itself up to a height almost equal to that of Mauna Kea and probably in a few centuries will begin exploding and heaping up cinder cones just as Mauna Kea did before it finally became extinct.

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**Who acts:** Mauna, mountain · **What happens:** build up, begin, explode, heap up, do, become · **To what, where:** new mountain, cinder cones

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mauna, mountain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:1:31
# text = The new mountain has now built itself up to a height almost equal to that of Mauna Kea and probably in a few centuries will begin exploding and heaping up cinder cones just as Mauna Kea did before it finally became extinct.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
6	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	6	obj	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	height	height	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	equal	equal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	advmod	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	nmod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	Mauna	Mauna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	Kea	Kea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
20	probably	probably	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	_
25	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	begin	begin	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	_
27	exploding	explode	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	26	xcomp	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	heaping	heap	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	conj	_	_
30	up	up	ADP	RP	_	29	compound:prt	_	_
31	cinder	cinder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	cones	cone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	_
33	just	just	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
34	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
35	Mauna	Mauna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
36	Kea	Kea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	flat	_	_
37	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	advcl	_	_
38	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
39	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
40	finally	finally	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
41	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	advcl	_	_
42	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build up** | present · perfect · passive |  | the new mountain |  |  | now | to a height to that of Mauna Kea *result*; mountain *obj* | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient NP.extent PP.initial\_state PP.result»: subject=Patient itself=Extent to height=Result |
| 2 | **begin** | future |  |  |  |  | century | probably *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **explode** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **heap up** | gerund |  | cinder cones |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent cone=Theme |
| 5 | **do** | past | Mauna |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **become** | past | mountain |  |  |  |  | extinct, finally *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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