---
title: In Hawaiian there is a great lack of generic terms, as is the case w… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: In Hawaiian there is a great lack of generic terms, as is the case with all uncultivated languages. Who acts: great lack. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Opening, sentence 44

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In Hawaiian there is a great lack of generic terms, as is the case with all uncultivated languages.

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**Who acts:** great lack · **What happens:** be, lack · **To what, where:** Hawaiian, generic terms

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (great lack), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:1:44
# text = In Hawaiian there is a great lack of generic terms, as is the case with all uncultivated languages.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Hawaiian	Hawaiian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	4	expl	_	_
4	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	lack	lack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	generic	generic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	terms	term	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	19	det	_	_
18	uncultivated	uncultivated	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | a great lack of generic terms and the case |  |  | Hawaiian; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hawaiian=Location |
| 2 | **is** | present | a great lack of generic terms and the case *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as the case; with all uncultivated languages | tree rules |
| 3 | **lack** |  |  | generic terms |  |  |  |  | nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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