---
title: The study of these kaaos or legends would demonstrate that the Hawai… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The study of these kaaos or legends would demonstrate that the Hawaiians possessed a language not only adapted to their former necessities but capable of being used in introducing the arts of civilized society and especially of pure morals, of law, and the religion of the Bible.” Who acts: study, Ha
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Opening, sentence 48

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The study of these kaaos or legends would demonstrate that the Hawaiians possessed a language not only adapted to their former necessities but capable of being used in introducing the arts of civilized society and especially of pure morals, of law, and the religion of the Bible.”

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**Who acts:** study, Hawaiians · **What happens:** demonstrate, possess, not adapt, use, introduce, study · **To what, where:** language, former necessities, arts, kaaos

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (study, Hawaiians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:1:48
# text = The study of these kaaos or legends would demonstrate that the Hawaiians possessed a language not only adapted to their former necessities but capable of being used in introducing the arts of civilized society and especially of pure morals, of law, and the religion of the Bible.”
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	kaaos	kaao	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	legends	legend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Hawaiians	Hawaiian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	possessed	possess	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
17	only	only	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	adapted	adapt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	advcl	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	necessities	necessity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
23	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	capable	capable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	_
25	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
26	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	advcl	_	_
28	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
29	introducing	introduce	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	advcl	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	arts	art	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	civilized	civilized	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	society	society	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
36	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	pure	pure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	morals	moral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	religion	religion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	46	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **demonstrate** | would | the study of this kaaos or legends |  |  |  |  | the religion of the Bible *conj* | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic |
| 2 | **possess** | past | the Hawaiians | a language |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot language=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **adapt** | participle | the Hawaiians *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to LEGENDS's former necessities *goal* | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent to necessity=Goal |
| 4 | **use** | gerund · passive | the Hawaiians *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» |
| 5 | **introduce** | gerund | the Hawaiians *not said here* | the arts of civilized society and pure morals |  |  |  | of law | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent art=Patient |
| 6 | **study** |  |  | this kaaos or legends |  |  |  |  | nom study «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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