---
title: Perhaps its surface was all covered with vast circular lakes of lava… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Perhaps its surface was all covered with vast circular lakes of lava such as our telescopes reveal in great perfection, ring upon ring, over the surface of the moon. Who acts: telescopes. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Opening, with its dependency tree
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Opening, sentence 9

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Perhaps its surface was all covered with vast circular lakes of lava such as our telescopes reveal in great perfection, ring upon ring, over the surface of the moon.

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**Who acts:** telescopes · **What happens:** cover, reveal · **To what, where:** surface, lava, great perfection

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (telescopes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:1:9
# text = Perhaps its surface was all covered with vast circular lakes of lava such as our telescopes reveal in great perfection, ring upon ring, over the surface of the moon.
1	Perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	all	all	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	vast	vast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	circular	circular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	lakes	lake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	16	case	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	telescopes	telescope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	reveal	reveal	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	perfection	perfection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	_
23	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	over	over	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past · passive |  | way's surface |  | the surface of the moon |  | with vast circular lakes of lava; all, perhaps *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with lake=Theme |
| 2 | **reveal** | present | our telescopes | lava *not said here* |  | great perfection |  |  | vn confess-37.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lava=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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