---
title: They were turned up a little at the front end, where they were two t… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: They were turned up a little at the front end, where they were two to four inches apart. Who acts: Runners. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kaha-wali, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and Kaha-wali, sentence 12

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They were turned up a little at the front end, where they were two to four inches apart.

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**Who acts:** Runners · **What happens:** turn up, be · **To what, where:** Runners, front end, two inches

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kaha-wali. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Runners), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:10:12
# text = They were turned up a little at the front end, where they were two to four inches apart.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	front	front	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
12	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	18	advmod	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
15	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nmod	_	_
18	inches	inch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
19	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn up** | past · passive |  | Runners *= runner* |  |  | at the front end and two inches | a little *obl* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Runners *= runner* | two inches |  |  |  | apart *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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