---
title: The hill opened beneath her and a flood of lava burst forth and bega… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The hill opened beneath her and a flood of lava burst forth and began to pour down into the valley, following and devastating the holua course, and spreading out over the whole plain. Who acts: hill, flood, lava. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and Kaha-wali, sentence 61

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The hill opened beneath her and a flood of lava burst forth and began to pour down into the valley, following and devastating the holua course, and spreading out over the whole plain.

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**Who acts:** hill, flood, lava · **What happens:** open, burst, begin, pour down, follow, devastate · **To what, where:** valley, holua course, whole plain

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kaha-wali. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hill, flood, lava), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:10:61
# text = The hill opened beneath her and a flood of lava burst forth and began to pour down into the valley, following and devastating the holua course, and spreading out over the whole plain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	burst	burst	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	pour	pour	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	down	down	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	into	into	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	devastating	devastate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	conj	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	holua	holua	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	spreading	spread	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	conj	_	_
31	out	out	ADP	RP	_	30	compound:prt	_	_
32	over	over	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	plain	plain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | past | the hill |  |  |  |  | beneath Anger | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beneath she=Location |
| 2 | **burst** | present | a flood of lava |  |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **begin** | past | the hill *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **pour down** | to-infinitive | the hill *not said here* |  |  | the valley |  | down *property* | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into valley=Location |
| 5 | **follow** | gerund | the hill *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **devastate** | gerund | the hill *not said here* | the holua course |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus course=Experiencer |
| 7 | **spread out** | gerund | the hill *not said here* |  |  | the whole plain |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over plain=Location |
| 8 | **flood** |  | lava |  |  |  |  |  | nom flood «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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