---
title: Hee-nalu meant “surf-riding,” Heeholua meant “sled-riding,” or slidi… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Hee-nalu meant “surf-riding,” Heeholua meant “sled-riding,” or sliding down grassy hillsides. Who acts: Hee, surf riding. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kaha-wali, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and Kaha-wali, sentence 8

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Hee-nalu meant “surf-riding,” Heeholua meant “sled-riding,” or sliding down grassy hillsides.

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**Who acts:** Hee, surf riding · **What happens:** mean, slide down · **To what, where:** sled riding, grassy hillsides · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kaha-wali. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hee, surf riding), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:10:8
# text = Hee-nalu meant “surf-riding,” Heeholua meant “sled-riding,” or sliding down grassy hillsides.
1	Hee	Hee	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	nalu	nalu	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	1	flat	_	_
4	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	surf	surf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	riding	riding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
11	Heeholua	Heeholua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
13	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	sled	sled	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	riding	riding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	sliding	slide	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	_
21	down	down	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	grassy	grassy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	hillsides	hillside	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | past | Hee |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **mean** | past | surf riding | sled riding |  |  |  | Heeholua *nsubj* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent riding=Topic |
| 3 | **slide down** | gerund | surf riding *not said here* | grassy hillsides |  |  |  | down *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hillside=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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