---
title: Down he rushed to the sea, but the lava spread out on either side cu… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Down he rushed to the sea, but the lava spread out on either side cutting off retreat along the beach. Who acts: hog, lava. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kama-puaa, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and Kama-puaa, sentence 105

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Down he rushed to the sea, but the lava spread out on either side cutting off retreat along the beach.

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**Who acts:** hog, lava · **What happens:** rush, spread out, cut off · **To what, where:** side, retreat

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kama-puaa. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hog, lava), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:11:105
# text = Down he rushed to the sea, but the lava spread out on either side cutting off retreat along the beach.
1	Down	down	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rushed	rush	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	either	either	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	15	det	_	_
15	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
17	off	off	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	retreat	retreat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	along	along	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rush** | past | hog |  |  |  |  | to the sea *result*; down *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to sea=Result |
| 2 | **spread out** | past | the lava |  |  | either side |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on side=Location |
| 3 | **cut off** | gerund | the lava *not said here* | retreat |  |  |  | along the beach | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector retreat=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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