--- title: The Hawaiians say that this fish has always been able to make a nois… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics description: The Hawaiians say that this fish has always been able to make a noise like the grunting of a small hog, so it was given the name Humu-humu-nuku-nuku-a-puaa. Who acts: Hawaiians, fish. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kama-puaa, with its dependen --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/11/112/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mytholo…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/) / [Pele and Kama-puaa](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/11/) / 112 # Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and Kama-puaa, sentence 112 The Hawaiians say that this fish has always been able to make a noise like the grunting of a small hog, so it was given the name Humu-humu-nuku-nuku-a-puaa. **Who acts:** Hawaiians, fish · **What happens:** say, be, make, give · **To what, where:** noise, fish · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kama-puaa. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hawaiians, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg66516:11:112 # text = The Hawaiians say that this fish has always been able to make a noise like the grunting of a small hog, so it was given the name Humu-humu-nuku-nuku-a-puaa. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 Hawaiians Hawaiian PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 that that SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 5 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 6 det _ _ 6 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 7 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 8 always always ADV RB PronType=Tot 10 advmod _ _ 9 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 10 cop _ _ 10 able able ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 ccomp _ _ 11 to to PART TO _ 12 mark _ _ 12 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 xcomp _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 noise noise NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 like like ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 grunting grunting NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 hog hog NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 23 so so ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 24 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj:pass _ _ 25 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux:pass _ _ 26 given give VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 advcl _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 name name NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 29 Humu Humu PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 30 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 31 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 31 humu humu NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 32 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 33 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 33 nuku nuku X FW Foreign=Yes 31 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 34 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 33 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 35 nuku nuku X FW Foreign=Yes 33 flat:foreign _ SpaceAfter=No 36 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 39 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 37 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 39 det _ SpaceAfter=No 38 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 37 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 39 puaa puaa NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 40 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Hawaiians | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is** | present · perfect | this fish | | | | | able, always *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **make** | to-infinitive | this fish *not said here* | a noise | | | | like the grunting of a small hog | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset noise=Product | | 4 | **give** | past · passive | | fish | | | | the name *obj* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient name=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 111](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/11/111/) - next →: [sentence 113](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/11/113/) - ↑ back to [Pele and Kama-puaa](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/11/)