---
title: If a hog could not be secured when an offering was necessary, the pr… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: If a hog could not be secured when an offering was necessary, the priest would take the fish humu-humu-nuku-nuku-a-puaa and throw it into the pit of fire. Who acts: offering, priest. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kama-puaa, with its dependenc
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and Kama-puaa, sentence 126

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If a hog could not be secured when an offering was necessary, the priest would take the fish humu-humu-nuku-nuku-a-puaa and throw it into the pit of fire.

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**Who acts:** offering, priest · **What happens:** not secure, be, take, throw · **To what, where:** hog, fish humu humu, humu, pit

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kama-puaa. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (offering, priest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:11:126
# text = If a hog could not be secured when an offering was necessary, the priest would take the fish humu-humu-nuku-nuku-a-puaa and throw it into the pit of fire.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hog	hog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	secured	secure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	advcl	_	_
8	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	12	mark	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	necessary	necessary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	priest	priest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
16	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
19	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
20	humu	humu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	humu	humu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	nuku	nuku	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	22	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	nuku	nuku	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	24	flat:foreign	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	puaa	puaa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	throw	throw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
33	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	obj	_	_
34	into	into	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	pit	pit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **secure** *a condition, not said to happen* | could · passive |  | a hog |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | a offering |  |  |  |  | necessary *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **take** | would | the priest | the fish humu humu |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent humu=Theme |
| 4 | **throw** | infinitive | the priest *not said here* | humu |  |  |  | into the pit of fire *result* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer it=Theme into pit=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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