---
title: He threaded his way through forests of trees and ferns and at last s… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: He threaded his way through forests of trees and ferns and at last stood on the hills looking down upon the lake of fire. Who acts: puaa. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kama-puaa, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and Kama-puaa, sentence 25

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He threaded his way through forests of trees and ferns and at last stood on the hills looking down upon the lake of fire.

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**Who acts:** puaa · **What happens:** thread, stand, look down · **To what, where:** way, forests, last

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kama-puaa. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (puaa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:11:25
# text = He threaded his way through forests of trees and ferns and at last stood on the hills looking down upon the lake of fire.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	threaded	thread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	ferns	fern	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	obl	_	_
14	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
18	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
19	down	down	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thread** | past | puaa | puaa's way |  | forests of trees and ferns |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Patient |
| 2 | **stand** | past | puaa *not said here* |  |  | last |  | on the hills | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at last=Location |
| 3 | **look down** | gerund | puaa *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon the lake of fire; down *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent upon lake=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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