---
title: A sarcastic chant has been handed down among the Hawaiians as one of… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: A sarcastic chant has been handed down among the Hawaiians as one of the taunts hurled at Pele by Kama-puaa. Who acts: one. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kama-puaa, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and Kama-puaa, sentence 52

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A sarcastic chant has been handed down among the Hawaiians as one of the taunts hurled at Pele by Kama-puaa.

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**Who acts:** one · **What happens:** hand down, hurl · **To what, where:** sarcastic chant, Pele

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kama-puaa. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:11:52
# text = A sarcastic chant has been handed down among the Hawaiians as one of the taunts hurled at Pele by Kama-puaa.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	sarcastic	sarcastic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	chant	chant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	handed	hand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	down	down	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	among	among	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Hawaiians	Hawaiian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nsubj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	taunts	taunt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
16	hurled	hurl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Pele	Pele	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	Kama	Kama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	puaa	puaa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hand down** | present · perfect · passive |  | a sarcastic chant |  |  |  | among the Hawaiians | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **hurl** | past | one of the taunts |  |  | Pele |  | by Kama puaa | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent at pele=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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