---
title: She stamped on the ground, the earth shook, cracks opened in the sur… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: She stamped on the ground, the earth shook, cracks opened in the surface and sometimes clouds of smoke and steam arose around Kama-puaa. Who acts: Pele, earth, clouds. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kama-puaa, with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and Kama-puaa, sentence 60

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She stamped on the ground, the earth shook, cracks opened in the surface and sometimes clouds of smoke and steam arose around Kama-puaa.

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**Who acts:** Pele, earth, clouds · **What happens:** stamp, shake, open, arise, cloud · **To what, where:** ground, surface, Kama puaa, smoke

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kama-puaa. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pele, earth, clouds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:11:60
# text = She stamped on the ground, the earth shook, cracks opened in the surface and sometimes clouds of smoke and steam arose around Kama-puaa.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stamped	stamp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	shook	shake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	cracks	crack	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	opened	open	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	parataxis	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
17	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	23	advmod	_	_
18	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	steam	steam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
23	arose	arise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
24	around	around	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	Kama	Kama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	puaa	puaa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stamp** | past | Pele |  |  | the ground |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent on ground=Destination |
| 2 | **shake** | past | the earth |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **open** | present · passive |  |  |  | the surface |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: in surface=Location |
| 4 | **arise** | past | clouds of smoke and steam |  |  | Kama puaa |  | sometimes *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around puaa=Location |
| 5 | **cloud** |  |  | smoke and steam |  |  |  |  | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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