---
title: Masses of fire expanded the water into steam, and Pele gathered the… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Masses of fire expanded the water into steam, and Pele gathered the forces of the underworld to aid in driving back Kama-puaa. Who acts: Masses, Pele. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kama-puaa, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and Kama-puaa, sentence 72

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Masses of fire expanded the water into steam, and Pele gathered the forces of the underworld to aid in driving back Kama-puaa.

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**Who acts:** Masses, Pele · **What happens:** expand, gather, aid, drive back · **To what, where:** water, steam, forces, Kama

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kama-puaa. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Masses, Pele), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:11:72
# text = Masses of fire expanded the water into steam, and Pele gathered the forces of the underworld to aid in driving back Kama-puaa.
1	Masses	mass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	expanded	expand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	steam	steam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	Pele	Pele	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	forces	force	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	underworld	underworld	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	aid	aid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
20	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
21	driving	drive	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	advcl	_	_
22	back	back	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
23	Kama	Kama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	puaa	puaa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **expand** | past | Masses of fire | the water |  | steam |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent water=Patient |
| 2 | **gather** | past | Pele | the forces of the underworld |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent force=Theme |
| 3 | **aid** | to-infinitive | Pele *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **drive back** | gerund | Pele *not said here* | Kama |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kama=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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