---
title: Aiwohikupua, passing near the cliffs of Hamakua, saw a beautiful wom… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Aiwohikupua, passing near the cliffs of Hamakua, saw a beautiful woman resting on the rocks above the sea. Who acts: Aiwohikupua, beautiful woman. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Snow-goddess, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and the Snow-goddess, sentence 29

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Aiwohikupua, passing near the cliffs of Hamakua, saw a beautiful woman resting on the rocks above the sea.

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**Who acts:** Aiwohikupua, beautiful woman · **What happens:** pass, see, rest · **To what, where:** cliffs, beautiful woman, rocks

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Snow-goddess. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Aiwohikupua, beautiful woman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:12:29
# text = Aiwohikupua, passing near the cliffs of Hamakua, saw a beautiful woman resting on the rocks above the sea.
1	Aiwohikupua	Aiwohikupua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	passing	pass	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
4	near	near	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Hamakua	Hamakua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
10	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	resting	rest	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
18	above	above	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | gerund | Aiwohikupua *not said here* |  |  | the cliffs of Hamakua |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme near cliff=Location |
| 2 | **see** | past | Aiwohikupua | a beautiful woman |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer woman=Stimulus |
| 3 | **rest** | gerund | a beautiful woman *not said here* |  |  | the rocks |  | above the sea | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on rock=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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