---
title: The lava, becoming stone, filled up the holes out of which the red m… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The lava, becoming stone, filled up the holes out of which the red melted mass was trying to force itself. Who acts: lava, red melted mass. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Snow-goddess, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and the Snow-goddess, sentence 80

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The lava, becoming stone, filled up the holes out of which the red melted mass was trying to force itself.

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**Who acts:** lava, red melted mass · **What happens:** become, fill up, melt, try, force · **To what, where:** stone, holes, mass, lava

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Snow-goddess. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lava, red melted mass), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:12:80
# text = The lava, becoming stone, filled up the holes out of which the red melted mass was trying to force itself.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
5	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	obl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	melted	melt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
17	mass	mass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	trying	try	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	acl:relcl	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	force	force	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	_
22	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | gerund |  | stone |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **fill up** | participle | the lava *not said here* | the holes |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **melt** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **try** | past · progressive | the red melted mass |  |  | the holes |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **force** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the red melted mass *not said here* | mass |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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