---
title: The fire-rivers, already rushing to the sea, were narrowed and drive… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The fire-rivers, already rushing to the sea, were narrowed and driven downward so rapidly that they leaped out from the land, becoming immediately the prey of the remorseless ocean. Who acts: fire rivers, rivers. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and the Snow-goddess, sentence 82

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The fire-rivers, already rushing to the sea, were narrowed and driven downward so rapidly that they leaped out from the land, becoming immediately the prey of the remorseless ocean.

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**Who acts:** fire rivers, rivers · **What happens:** rush, narrow, drive, leap out, become · **To what, where:** fire rivers, land, prey

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Snow-goddess. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fire rivers, rivers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:12:82
# text = The fire-rivers, already rushing to the sea, were narrowed and driven downward so rapidly that they leaped out from the land, becoming immediately the prey of the remorseless ocean.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	already	already	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	rushing	rush	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	narrowed	narrow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	driven	drive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
16	downward	downward	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	leaped	leap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
22	out	out	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	_
23	from	from	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	advcl	_	_
28	immediately	immediately	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	xcomp	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	remorseless	remorseless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rush** | gerund | the fire rivers *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the sea *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to sea=Result |
| 2 | **narrow** | past · passive |  | the fire rivers |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **drive** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | downward *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **leap out** | past | rivers *= river* |  |  | the land |  | rapidly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from land=Trajectory |
| 5 | **become** | gerund | rivers *= river* *not said here* | the prey of the remorseless ocean |  |  |  | immediately *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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