---
title: Hilo (formerly called Hiro), meaning to “twist” or “turn,” was deriv… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Hilo (formerly called Hiro), meaning to “twist” or “turn,” was derived from Whiro, a great Polynesian traveller and sea-robber. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Genealogy of the Pele Family, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Genealogy of the Pele Family, sentence 41

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Hilo (formerly called Hiro), meaning to “twist” or “turn,” was derived from Whiro, a great Polynesian traveller and sea-robber.

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**What happens:** call, mean, turn, derive · **To what, where:** Hilo, Whiro · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Genealogy of the Pele Family. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:13:41
# text = Hilo (formerly called Hiro), meaning to “twist” or “turn,” was derived from Whiro, a great Polynesian traveller and sea-robber.
1	Hilo	Hilo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	formerly	formerly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	Hiro	Hiro	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	twist	twist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
14	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	derived	derive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Whiro	Whiro	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
24	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
25	Polynesian	polynesian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	traveller	traveller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	robber	robber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** *speech: assert* | participle · passive |  | Hilo |  |  |  | Hiro *xcomp*; formerly *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **mean** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to twist | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot to twist=Attribute |
| 3 | **turn** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **derive** | past · passive |  |  |  | Whiro |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: from whiro=Material |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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