---
title: Others say Ku-waha-ilo had neither father nor mother, but dwelt in t… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Others say Ku-waha-ilo had neither father nor mother, but dwelt in the far-off heavens. Who acts: Others, Ku waha ilo. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Genealogy of the Pele Family, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Genealogy of the Pele Family, sentence 69

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Others say Ku-waha-ilo had neither father nor mother, but dwelt in the far-off heavens.

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**Who acts:** Others, Ku waha ilo · **What happens:** say, have, dwell · **To what, where:** father, off heavens · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Genealogy of the Pele Family. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Others, Ku waha ilo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:13:69
# text = Others say Ku-waha-ilo had neither father nor mother, but dwelt in the far-off heavens.
1	Others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Ku	Ku	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	waha	waha	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	ilo	ilo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
9	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	10	cc:preconj	_	_
10	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	12	cc	_	_
12	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	dwelt	dwell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
18	far	far	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	off	off	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Others |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | past | Ku waha ilo | father nor mother |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent father=Patient |
| 3 | **dwell** | past | Others *not said here* |  |  | the off heavens |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in heaven=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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