---
title: There is really no twilight worth mentioning in the Hawaiian Islands… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: There is really no twilight worth mentioning in the Hawaiian Islands and Hiiaka would be better interpreted as “lifting sunset shadows,” or holding up the smoke clouds while their shadows fall over the fires of the crater, conveying the idea of fire-light shining up under smoke clouds as they rise f
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Genealogy of the Pele Family, sentence 93

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There is really no twilight worth mentioning in the Hawaiian Islands and Hiiaka would be better interpreted as “lifting sunset shadows,” or holding up the smoke clouds while their shadows fall over the fires of the crater, conveying the idea of fire-light shining up under smoke clouds as they rise from the lake of fire.

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**Who acts:** shadows, fire light, shadow · **What happens:** be, mention, interpret, lift, hold up, fall · **To what, where:** Hawaiian Islands, twilight, sunset shadows, smoke clouds, fires, idea · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Genealogy of the Pele Family. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shadows, fire light, shadow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:13:93
# text = There is really no twilight worth mentioning in the Hawaiian Islands and Hiiaka would be better interpreted as “lifting sunset shadows,” or holding up the smoke clouds while their shadows fall over the fires of the crater, conveying the idea of fire-light shining up under smoke clouds as they rise from the lake of fire.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	really	really	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	twilight	twilight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	worth	worth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
7	mentioning	mention	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Hawaiian	Hawaiian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Islands	Island	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	Hiiaka	Hiiaka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	aux:pass	_	_
16	better	better	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	interpreted	interpret	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
18	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
19	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	lifting	lift	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	_
21	sunset	sunset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	conj	_	_
27	up	up	ADP	RP	_	26	compound:prt	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
31	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	34	mark	_	_
32	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nsubj	_	_
34	fall	fall	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	advcl	_	_
35	over	over	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	fires	fire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obl	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	crater	crater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
42	conveying	convey	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	34	advcl	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obj	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
46	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	46	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nmod	_	_
49	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	48	acl	_	_
50	up	up	ADP	RP	_	49	compound:prt	_	_
51	under	under	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
52	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	compound	_	_
53	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	49	obl	_	_
54	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	56	mark	_	_
55	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	56	nsubj	_	_
56	rise	rise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	42	advcl	_	_
57	from	from	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
58	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
59	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	obl	_	_
60	of	of	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
61	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present |  |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mention** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  | the Hawaiian Islands and Hiiaka |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **interpret** | would · passive |  | no twilight |  |  |  | better *property* | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **lift** *in a quote* | gerund |  | sunset shadows |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shadow=Theme |
| 5 | **hold up** | gerund |  | the smoke clouds |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot cloud=Theme |
| 6 | **fall** | present | shadow's shadows |  |  | the fires of the crater |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme over fire=Location |
| 7 | **convey** | gerund | shadow's shadows *not said here* | the idea of fire light |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent idea=Topic |
| 8 | **shine up** | gerund | fire light *not said here* |  |  | smoke clouds |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under cloud=Location |
| 9 | **rise** | present | shadow |  |  | the lake of fire |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from lake=Initial\_Location |
| 10 | **shadow** |  | shadow |  |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent |
| 11 | **fire** |  |  | the crater |  |  |  |  | nom fire «event transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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