---
title: The Hiiakas were “shadow bearers.” — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The Hiiakas were “shadow bearers.” Who acts: Hiiakas. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Genealogy of the Pele Family, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Genealogy of the Pele Family, sentence 94

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The Hiiakas were “shadow bearers.”

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**Who acts:** Hiiakas · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** shadow bearers

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Genealogy of the Pele Family. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hiiakas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:13:94
# text = The Hiiakas were “shadow bearers.”
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Hiiakas	hiiaka	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	bearers	bearer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | the Hiiakas | shadow bearers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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