---
title: This stone in the long ago was called by the natives Hopoe, because… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: This stone in the long ago was called by the natives Hopoe, because Hopoe, the graceful dancer of Puna who taught Hiiaka, the youngest sister of Pele, how to dance, was changed into this rock. Who acts: natives, graceful dancer. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. West
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hopoe, the Dancing Stone, sentence 5

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This stone in the long ago was called by the natives Hopoe, because Hopoe, the graceful dancer of Puna who taught Hiiaka, the youngest sister of Pele, how to dance, was changed into this rock.

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**Who acts:** natives, graceful dancer · **What happens:** call, teach, dance, change · **To what, where:** stone, Hiiaka, rock · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hopoe, the Dancing Stone. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (natives, graceful dancer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:15:5
# text = This stone in the long ago was called by the natives Hopoe, because Hopoe, the graceful dancer of Puna who taught Hiiaka, the youngest sister of Pele, how to dance, was changed into this rock.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
6	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	natives	native	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
12	Hopoe	Hopoe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	15	case	_	_
15	Hopoe	Hopoe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	graceful	graceful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	dancer	dancer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Puna	Puna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	acl:relcl	_	_
24	Hiiaka	Hiiaka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	youngest	young	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	28	amod	_	_
28	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Pele	Pele	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	34	advmod	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	dance	dance	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux:pass	_	_
37	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
38	into	into	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	40	det	_	_
40	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past · passive | the natives | this stone *not said here* |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | the graceful dancer of Puna |  | Hiiaka |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent hiiaka=Recipient |
| 3 | **dance** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **change** | past · passive | the natives *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into this rock *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.result»: into rock=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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