---
title: Smoke from the volcano fell toward the sea, making dark the forest a… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Smoke from the volcano fell toward the sea, making dark the forest along the path to Keaau, where Hopoe dwelt. Who acts: Smoke, Hopoe. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hopoe, the Dancing Stone, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hopoe, the Dancing Stone, sentence 58

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Smoke from the volcano fell toward the sea, making dark the forest along the path to Keaau, where Hopoe dwelt.

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**Who acts:** Smoke, Hopoe · **What happens:** fall, make, dwell · **To what, where:** sea, dark forest

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hopoe, the Dancing Stone. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Smoke, Hopoe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:15:58
# text = Smoke from the volcano fell toward the sea, making dark the forest along the path to Keaau, where Hopoe dwelt.
1	Smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
11	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	along	along	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Keaau	Keaau	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	22	advmod	_	_
21	Hopoe	Hopoe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	dwelt	dwell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | Smoke from the volcano |  |  | the sea |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme toward sea=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **make** | gerund | Smoke from the volcano *not said here* | the dark forest |  |  |  | along the path to Keaau | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset forest=Product |
| 3 | **dwell** | past | Hopoe |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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