---
title: At last she saw the smoke, which had clouded the forests along the w… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: At last she saw the smoke, which had clouded the forests along the way to the home of her friend, grow darker and blacker and then change into the orange hues of outbreaking fire. Who acts: Hiiaka, orange hues. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hopoe, the
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hopoe, the Dancing Stone, sentence 63

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At last she saw the smoke, which had clouded the forests along the way to the home of her friend, grow darker and blacker and then change into the orange hues of outbreaking fire.

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**Who acts:** Hiiaka, orange hues · **What happens:** see, cloud, grow, change, outbreak · **To what, where:** smoke, last, orange hues, fire

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hopoe, the Dancing Stone. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hiiaka, orange hues), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:15:63
# text = At last she saw the smoke, which had clouded the forests along the way to the home of her friend, grow darker and blacker and then change into the orange hues of outbreaking fire.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	clouded	cloud	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	along	along	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Typo=Yes|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
24	darker	dark	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	23	xcomp	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	blacker	black	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	24	conj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	29	advmod	_	_
29	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	conj	_	_
30	into	into	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	hues	hue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	_
34	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	35	mark	_	_
35	outbreaking	outbreak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	33	acl	_	_
36	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Hiiaka | the smoke |  | last |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer smoke=Stimulus |
| 2 | **cloud** | past · perfect · passive |  | the smoke |  |  |  | along the way to the home of Hiiaka's friend; the forests *obj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **grow** | present | Hiiaka *not said here* |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **change** | infinitive | Hiiaka *not said here* |  |  |  | then | into the orange hues *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.result»: agent=Patient into hue=Result |
| 5 | **outbreak** | gerund | the orange hues *not said here* | fire |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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