---
title: “Yellow grows the smoke of Ka-lua (the crater) Turning heavily towar… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: “Yellow grows the smoke of Ka-lua (the crater) Turning heavily toward the sea. Who acts: Yellow, crater, Ka lua. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hopoe, the Dancing Stone, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hopoe, the Dancing Stone, sentence 65

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“Yellow grows the smoke of Ka-lua (the crater) Turning heavily toward the sea.

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**Who acts:** Yellow, crater, Ka lua · **What happens:** grow, turn, smoke · **To what, where:** smoke, sea

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hopoe, the Dancing Stone. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Yellow, crater, Ka lua), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:15:65
# text = “Yellow grows the smoke of Ka-lua (the crater) Turning heavily toward the sea.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Yellow	yellow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	Ka	Ka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	lua	lua	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	crater	crater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	_
14	Turning	turn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
15	heavily	heavily	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** *in a quote* | present | Yellow | the smoke of Ka lua |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location smoke=Theme |
| 2 | **turn** *in a quote* | gerund | the crater *not said here* |  |  | the sea |  | heavily *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme toward sea=Trajectory |
| 3 | **smoke** *in a quote* |  | Ka lua |  |  |  |  |  | nom smoke «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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